Seizing the opportunity to access higher education is a pivotal step in shaping your future career and personal growth. In South Africa, selecting the right tertiary institution can significantly impact your academic journey and professional prospects.
South Africa boasts a diverse landscape of tertiary institutions, each offering a wide range of programmes, academic environments, and unique strengths and specialities.
The legacy of South Africa’s political past under Apartheid has contributed to a higher educational landscape that is still fraught with obstacles. Although tertiary education is not a right, there are many who have the aptitude to study further but don’t have access to the means.
Understanding higher education in South Africa
Despite the country’s efforts to expand educational opportunities, accessing higher education in South Africa presents several challenges which can hinder a student’s ability to enrol in and complete a tertiary education degree. Some of the key issues include:
Financial constraints
One of the most significant barriers is the cost of tuition fees, accommodation, textbooks and other academic materials. Students who come from low-income households find it difficult to afford higher education. While there are financial aid schemes like the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) for STEM degrees (Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics), the demand often exceeds the available resources, leaving some students unable to proceed or complete a degree course.
Even though NSFAS and scholarships exist, not all students can secure this financial assistance. Students from middle-income families who do not qualify for full financial aid but cannot afford the costs are particularly affected, often referred to as the “missing middle.”
Geographical barriers
South Africa is a large and diverse country, and many students from rural or remote areas face challenges in accessing universities that are often located in urban centres. The cost and logistics of relocating to attend a university can be prohibitive, and some students struggle with adapting to the urban lifestyle.
To address these issues, top universities, such as NWU – which operates from 3 different locations (Potchefstroom, Mahikeng and Vanderbijlpark) – do offer bursaries as well as distance learning opportunities that are worth exploring.
Inadequate infrastructure in schools
For many students from underprivileged areas, the only option is to attend a local high school with poor infrastructure, overcrowded classrooms and limited access to quality learning resources. This puts them at a significant disadvantage in meeting the academic requirements for university admission or developing sufficient competency in crucial subjects like mathematics and science, thereby reducing their chances of being accepted into competitive undergraduate degree programmes.
Language barriers
While South Africa has 11 official languages, most higher education institutions use English (or Afrikaans) as the primary language of instruction. For students whose first language is not one of these, language can be a significant barrier to both accessing and succeeding in higher education.
Lack of information and guidance
Many students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, lack access to proper career counselling and guidance on how to navigate university application processes, financial aid applications, or course selection. This lack of information can hinder their ability to make informed decisions about their higher educational path.
Digital divide
Reliable internet and technology are essential for applying to universities, especially with the rise of online applications and distance learning programmes. However, many students from poorer communities cannot access computers and stable internet connections locally, hindering their ability to apply or participate in online learning.
Limited spaces at universities
The demand for higher education in South Africa often exceeds the capacity of universities. Many potential students are turned away each year due to limited enrollment spaces, particularly in the Medicine, Engineering and Law faculties.
While South Africa has made significant strides in expanding access to higher education and being D&I compliant, these challenges remain substantial barriers for many prospective students. Addressing these issues requires a combination of increased financial aid, expanded infrastructure, better guidance, and policies that promote equality and inclusivity across the education system.
Navigating the SA tertiary education landscape
The challenges may be real, but there are proactive steps that any hardworking student can take to navigate the hurdles and focus on choosing the best institution for their needs. (Don’t give up before you’ve even started).
Researching tertiary Institutions
Begin your journey by researching the different South African universities and their offerings.
Consider factors such as:
- Academic reputation: Explore the academic reputation of institutions and their undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. Websites like North-West University (NWU) provide insights into their local and global rankings, academic excellence, research impact and faculty expertise.
- Programmes offered: Evaluate the range of courses offered at each institution. Do they align with your academic interests and career aspirations? NWU, for example, is known for its robust programmes in Engineering, Health Sciences and Natural Sciences.
- Location and campus life: Assess the location and campus environment. Consider whether you prefer a bustling urban campus or a more laid-back rural setting.
Accreditation and quality assurance
Verify that institutions and their programmes are accredited by the Council on Higher Education (CHE) and meet national quality assurance standards. Accreditation ensures that your degree holds value and is recognised nationally and internationally.
Admission requirements
Understand the admission requirements for each institution and program. Factors such as academic performance, standardised test scores and specific subject prerequisites may influence your eligibility.
Financial considerations
Evaluate the cost of tuition, accommodation and other fees associated with attending each institution. Explore financial aid options, scholarships and bursaries offered by institutions or external organizations to support your studies as soon as possible.
Student support services
Consider the availability of student support services such as academic advising, career counselling and mental health services. These resources can enhance your academic experience and overall well-being during your time at university.
Campus facilities and resources
Assess the quality of campus facilities including libraries, laboratories, sports facilities and student accommodation. These amenities contribute to a stimulating and conducive learning environment and enrich your university experience.
‘Where there’s a will there’s a way.’ However, the journey to choosing the right tertiary institution in South Africa is a significant decision that requires an understanding of the local higher education landscape.
